Employment Law
The body of law governing the rights and obligations between employers and employees, covering hiring, discrimination, wages, termination, and workplace safety.
Employment law encompasses federal, state, and local statutes governing the workplace. Key federal laws include Title VII (prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin), the ADA (disability discrimination), the ADEA (age 40+), the FLSA (minimum wage and overtime), FMLA (family and medical leave), and OSHA (workplace safety).
Most US private-sector employees work "at-will," meaning either party may end the relationship at any time for any legal reason. Exceptions include employment contracts, public policy exceptions (firing someone for jury duty or whistleblowing), and implied contract exceptions in some states.
Employees who believe their rights have been violated should consult an employment attorney promptly. Many employment claims have short filing deadlines: EEOC charges must typically be filed within 180–300 days of the discriminatory act.
Real-World Example
The employee filed an EEOC charge within 180 days of her termination, alleging pregnancy discrimination; she received a right-to-sue letter and ultimately settled for $85,000.