Small Claims Court
A specialized court designed to resolve minor civil disputes quickly and inexpensively, usually without attorneys, up to a state-set dollar limit.
Small claims court is a simplified division of the civil court system where individuals can file and argue minor monetary disputes without an attorney. Dollar limits vary by state: typically $5,000–$10,000, though some states allow up to $25,000. Procedures are streamlined—no formal discovery, limited motions, and cases usually resolve in a single hearing.
Common small claims cases include security deposit disputes, unpaid loans, property damage, contractor disputes, and consumer complaints. Filing fees are low ($30–$100), and the process is designed for self-represented plaintiffs.
Winning a small claims judgment does not guarantee collection. The court will not collect money for you; you must enforce the judgment through wage garnishment, bank levies, or liens on property. Assess the defendant's ability to pay before investing time in the process.
Real-World Example
The tenant filed in small claims court to recover her $1,800 security deposit after the landlord failed to provide an itemized deduction statement within the statutory period.